With the World War II experience in their minds—and uncertain whether the Korean War was merely the opening round of a longer and larger conflict - U. officials hoped that government intervention would keep unemployment and inflation under control, stabilize wages and prices, and increase military-related industrial production. Two spectacular spy cases intensified concerns over communism. The automobile industry was partially responsible, as the number of automobiles produced annually quadrupled between 1946 and 1955. "There comes a time, " he said, "when people get being kicked about by the brutal feet of oppression. " Two years later, Truman vetoed—on the same grounds—a McCarran-sponsored immigration bill restricting the political activities of recent immigrants to the United States. Guided reading american struggle with postwar issues in america. And Truman's agricultural program, the "Brannan Plan, " designed to aid the family farmer by providing income support, floundered; it was replaced by a program that continued price supports. The Cold War was the most important political issue of the early postwar period.
They found instead crowded conditions in urban slums. In early 1948, he sent his civil rights proposals to Congress, but did little to urge their passage. But by taking such a hard line, Truman had damaged his relationship with an important element of the party coalition. Marxist-Leninist ideology had been downplayed during the war but still guided Soviet policy.
Nevertheless, in opposing Taft-Hartley, Truman recaptured the support of organized labor. During World War II, the Nationalist government under Chiang Kai-shek and the communist forces waged a civil war even as they fought the Japanese. In short, the federal government regulated the American economy to an unprecedented degree. The United States, under this doctrine, was prepared to use atomic weapons if the nation or its vital interests were attacked. Five months later, Truman issued an executive order making the program permanent. In the middle of the decade, the average family watched television four to five hours a day. Freedom is pitted against slavery, lightness against dark. By early 1948, therefore, his support for civil rights was more rhetorical than substantive. Honors US History Guided Notes. Challenges on a variety of fronts shattered the consensus. Hiss denied the accusation, but in 1950 he was convicted of perjury. The President stated publicly that "There was not a single word of truth in what the Senator said. " Finally, in 1950, the government uncovered a British-American spy network that transferred to the Soviet Union materials about the development of the atomic bomb. It was a policy that succeeding administrations would follow repeatedly.
The report, issued the next year, documented blacks' second-class status in American life. Laws to Limit Immigration Emergency Quota Act 1921 –Set quotas for each country National Origins Act –Law limited immigration from any particular country to 2% of the number of that group living in the US –(This law will ultimately prevent Jewish emigrants from leaving Nazi Germany). When Congress preserved the Office of Price Administration but stripped it of all its power, Truman delivered a stinging veto. Whoops, looks like this domain isn't yet set up correctly. Guided reading american struggle with postwar issues today. Again, explain in words using the income and substitution effects. But the United States had declared the restoration of independence and self-government to Poland, Czechoslovakia and the other countries of Central and Eastern Europe one of its war aims.
Economic mobilization for the war effort did serve, though, as the setting for one of Truman's most stunning rebukes. HISTORY1-2 - Chapter 12 Guided Reading Sec. 1 - U.S. History I Chapter 12 Guided Reading Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues A. Postwar conditions in America & | Course Hero. Truman did his best to calm the hysteria, which, by the spring of 1950, had been dubbed "McCarthyism. " McCarthy gained power when the Republican Party won control of the Senate in 1952. Truman called for new public works programs, legislation guaranteeing "full employment, " a higher minimum wage, extension of the Fair Employment Practices Committee (or FEPC, a war-time agency that monitored discrimination against African Americans in hiring practices of government agencies and defense industries), a larger Social Security System, and a national health insurance system. Communist parties beholden to Moscow quickly expanded their power and influence in all countries of the region, culminating in the coup d'etat in Czechoslovakia in 1948.
But not all Americans conformed to such cultural norms. Unit 6 THE MODERN UNITED STATES: GLOBAL ISSUES AND DOMESTIC ISSUES. Nevertheless, many Americans complained about the government's intervention in the economy, especially its controls on credit. The civil rights movement had won an important victory -- and discovered its most powerful, thoughtful and eloquent leader in Martin Luther King Jr. African Americans also sought to secure their voting rights. The Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first such measure in 82 years, marked a step forward, as it authorized federal intervention in cases where blacks were denied the chance to vote. To whip up American support for the policy of containment, Truman overstated the Soviet threat to the United States. A number of writers, members of the so-called "beat generation, " rebelled against conventional values. Consumer goods in high demand were slow to appear on the nation's shelves and in its showrooms, frustrating Americans who desperately wanted to purchase items they had forsaken during the war. Millions of blacks had left southern farms for northern cities, where they hoped to find better jobs. Most notably, Attorney General J. Howard McGrath became the center of a corruption scandal which cut into Truman's popularity. Truman's military aide, Harry Vaughan, a long-time associate of the President since World War I, was often at the center of these allegations. America's struggle with postwar issues guided reading answers. The last military restrictions ended during the Korean War. The resulting document, known as NSC-68, signaled a new direction in American security policy. Truman's chief task, then, was to lay out to Americans his vision for the country's future.
In practice, however, Eisenhower deployed U. military forces with great caution, resisting all suggestions to consider the use of nuclear weapons in Indochina, where the French were ousted by Vietnamese communist forces in 1954, or in Taiwan, where the United States pledged to defend the Nationalist Chinese regime against attack by the People's Republic of China. Harry Truman supported the civil rights movement. The Yalta Conference of February 1945 had produced a wide-ranging agreement open to different interpretations. That decree had been used for decades to sanction rigid segregation in the South, where facilities were seldom, if ever, equal. While he won passage of a "full employment" bill—the Employment Act of 1946—the measure had no teeth. McGrath botched this mission so badly that Truman demanded his resignation in March 1952.
Based on the assumption that "the Soviet Union was engaged in a fanatical effort to seize control of all governments wherever possible, " the document committed America to assist allied nations anywhere in the world which seemed threatened by Soviet aggression. All of these artists and authors, whatever the medium, provided models for the wider and more deeply felt social revolution of the 1960s. "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, " Churchill said, "an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. " Rec'd death penalty. On June 23, 1948, Soviet forces blockaded Berlin, cutting off all road and rail access from the West. Truman next turned to Illinois governor Adlai Stevenson, who expressed interest but refused to commit. The homes were modest, but Levitt's methods cut costs and allowed new owners to possess at least a part of the American dream. He believed that Moscow, under leaders such as Stalin, was trying to orchestrate worldwide revolution. New conglomerates -- firms with holdings in a variety of industries -- led the way.
President Harry S. Truman, 1945. Strategically important as a supplier of oil, the region appeared vulnerable in 1946, when Soviet troops failed to leave Iran as promised, even after British and American forces had already withdrawn. At his first meeting with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov, Truman revealed his intention to stand firm on Polish self-determination, lecturing the Soviet diplomat about the need to carry out the Yalta accords. Government mediation during the first several months of 1952 failed to end the stalemate. Harry S. Truman: Domestic Affairs. Calvin Coolidge, US President. Truman's appointees, however, were largely undistinguished and contributed little to his presidency. Developers like William J. Levitt built new communities -- with homes that all looked alike -- using the techniques of mass production. Truman, moreover, lacked Roosevelt's stature, charisma, and public-speaking skills. When Molotov protested, "I have never been talked to like that in my life, " Truman retorted, "Carry out your agreements and you won't get talked to like that. " Sets found in the same folder.
He wanted to cut spending, cut taxes and maintain the value of the dollar. In his January 1947 State of the Union address, he identified the need for legislation to solve the persistent problems of labor unrest and strikes. Unit 2 THE TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICAN SOCIETY. During the war they had challenged discrimination in the military services and in the work force, and they had made limited gains.
For them, as for publisher Henry Luce of Time magazine, this was the "American Century. Americans had long feared radical subversion, and during the Red Scare of 1919-1920, the government had attempted to remove perceived threats to American society. He gained national attention in 1950 by claiming that he had a list of 205 known communists in the State Department. Truman, though, fearful of losing control over the policy process, acted largely as his own "chief of staff, " meeting with aides, assigning tasks, and defining his administration's agenda. Truman kept his own counsel throughout 1950 and 1951. Still, most political observers—and many Democrats—thought Truman would not win re-election in 1948. Winston Churchill, wartime prime minister of Great Britain, delivered a dramatic speech in Fulton, Missouri, with Truman sitting on the platform during the address. Although the 15th Amendment to the U. Truman took office just as World War II entered its final stages. When Southern Democrats, angry about a stronger civil rights stance, left the party in 1948, Truman issued an executive order barring discrimination in federal employment, ordered equal treatment in the armed forces and appointed a committee to work toward an end to military segregation.